Othello ends up killing himself after finding out Iago is at fault. The essay describes in detail Iago's manipulation of Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, Roderigo, and Othello. The handkerchief is manipulated by Iago to turn Othello into somebody that Iago can manipulate easier. He got so jealous that he ended up killing Desdemona who was supposed to be his lover. With this he used his manipulation on Othello and Cassio unsuspectingly in the dungeon. In Iago's Othello and Cassio, we see his manipulation When Brabantio responds to his In the third scene of the first act, Iago's encounter with Roderigo Iago says. The first sign we see of Othello’s downfall is the language that he uses at the end of the play. Iago could not get rid … Othello is a play driven by jealousy & manipulation The play, Othello is one of the most famous tragedies composed by William Shakespeare during the Renaissance period. Essays Related To Manipulations in the Othello Play. Iago used Roderigo for his dirty work so that he would not betray his front as “Honest Iago. Iago is the character who manipulates others to further the action in this play to make it intriguing for the reader or audience. William Shakespeare’s Othello illustrates the outcome of misunderstanding and emotional judgement that causes miscommunication. When he finds out that Roderigo is in love with Desdemona he manipulates him into thinking that Othello is not the one for Desdemona and that she would be better off with her. When Iago plants the handkerchief on Cassio, and Iago manipulates the meaning into proof that Desdamona was cheating on Othello. Whenever he shows his humanity on the face, it means he is getting closer in his plan. Manipulation is key to “Othello” because it is what Iago uses to create action in the play to make it intriguing to the readers or viewers. Flashcards. He got Cassio fired, got the hanky that Othello gave to Des. Checkout English Summary's free educational tools and dictionaries. In the beginning of the play the handkerchief symbolizes the love that Othello has for Desdamona. Central Idea of Othello Jealousy is characterized as a desirous or harsh frame of mind. Now that he could do all that without anyone but his wife finding out, he must have had some good techniques. There are two major feminine individual characteristics, in Shakespeare's Othello. He manipulates Roderigo, jealous Othello and manipulates the language that Othello uses that shows the change in Othello. ” Iago then manipulates Roderigo into picking a fight with Cassio whilst he is drunk so that Othello would fire him as his lieutenant. If you need this or any other sample, we can send it to you via email. ... Iago's involvement in Othello causes the turn of events in the ending of Shakespeare's play. our expert writers, Copying content is not allowed on this website, Ask a professional writer to help you with your text, Give us your email and we'll send you the essay you need, Please indicate where to send you the sample, Hi, my name is Jenn Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/manipulation-in-othello/, This is just a sample. Iago has an expert double face. Othello’s naivete allowed Iago’s manipulations to take over him and lead him into believing without ever really questioning the accusations or ever confronting his Desdemona or Cassio. In the play, the numerous kinds of jealousy are discovered through love despise and deceit. Iago deception is furthered in his conversation with Roderigo and states: But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve/For daws to peck at, I am not what I am, showing hes not what he appears to be ( line 65-66). In the play, Iago feeds Othello lies about his wife Desdemona. Before his arrest, Iago confirms his acts of manipulation as true to everyone at the end of the play. The story of Othello is about a man named Othello, who married a the virtuous Desdemona. "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy", Don't use plagiarized sources. Manipulation is key to “Othello” because it is what Iago uses to create action in the play to make it intriguing to the readers or viewers. Even his minor confrontations with characters like Brabantio and others bear the effects of his manipulative tendencies. ” This is unlike the Othello we read about in the beginning of the text, the one that loved Desdemona and spoke kind words. He says, “in following him, I follow but myself.”, The play shows how excellent acting is crucial to manipulation. Iago’s false words enraged Othello and Othello begins to think … Iago knew that Othello trusted him with his life. ” Even though the play is called “Othello” and what Othello does is central to the play, Iago is the character that causes the action within the play written by William Shakespeare. Othello sees Cassio laughing and just assumes he is laughing at Desdemona, which in return upsets him very much. Spell. in Cassio’s possession, and convinced Othello that Cassio was cheating with his wife Desdemona. He is able to analyse other people’s weaknesses. He manipulates characters in the play to get his revenge and cause Othello’s downfall. Created by. In the beginning Othello is well spoken and confident, “Keep up your bright swords for the dew will rust them. You can get your custom paper from Iago’s greed was to become a higher ranked person than Cassio. He manipulates Roderigo, jealous Othello and manipulates the language that Othello uses that shows the change in Othello. Manipulation in Othello and Dr. Faustus . Manipulation can ruin your perspective of someone, even who you are closest to. Treachery and betrayal, they belong hand in hand, like a married couple, for they both ultimately lead to misery and sorrow. Thus Iago plants this suspicion into Othello’s head little by little by making comments and by supplying “evidence” when needed. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, acts of treachery and betrayal have great dramatic significance.They greatly contribute to the theme that appearance does not always portray reality, and reality is not what one sees but more often what one does not see. Iago, the villain, is responsible for most of this betrayal. Act 1, Scene 1 Iago. When he begins manipulating Othello, he never directly utters his intention, he rather suggests. Manipulation. This is all due to Iago’s manipulative ways. In William Shakespeares "Othello", almost every single character is manipulated once throughout the play. When they confide in him, he uses their weakness against them. His manipulation begins with Roderigo who is hopelessly in love with Desdemona. Cassio’s weakness in alcohol is exploited very quickly. Iago’s deceit and manipulation in Othello Iago is widely credited, in the words of Agatha Christie, as “the greatest villain of all time”. He manipulates characters in the play to get his revenge and cause Othello’s downfall. He misused this trust by pretending to be a loyal friend giving good advice. After severing Othello’s faith in Desdemona, he tells him, “I humbly beg your pardon because I was loving you too much.”, Othello ends up saying, “I am bound to you forever.” The height of manipulation shown in this play is when the very characters who are cheated by Iago into their fall, call him as “honest.”. The central themes jealousy and manipulation embodies the foretold tragedies and the downfall tragedies of the characters due to … When he begins manipulating Othello, he never directly utters his intention, he rather suggests. He does so by using their weakness and misfortune. Help, Use multiple resourses when assembling your essay, Get help form professional writers when not sure you can do it yourself, Use Plagiarism Checker to double check your essay, Do not copy and paste free to download essays. His understanding of the human psyche is phenomenal, as is his ability to orchestrate a complicated interweaving of pre-planned scenarios. Search Pages. Manipulation is portrayed in books, movies, tv shows, and even plays. Now will I question Cassio of Bianca…” Iago uses Othello’s jealousy to let him come to the wrong conclusion himself, Othello let his passion get the best of him which led to his downfall. Learn. Manipulation as a whole. ” He also describes Desdemona lovingly and refers to her with heavenly imagery, “Vouch with me, heaven. Get Your Custom Essay on, By clicking “Write my paper”, you agree to our, By clicking Send Me The Sample you agree on the, https://graduateway.com/manipulation-in-othello/, Get your custom Iago also exploits Emilia, his wife’s simple-minded devotion towards him to get the handkerchief which becomes his final weapon for corrupting Othello’s doubt towards Desdemona beyond repair. Othello is a high general in the service of Venice who promotes Michael Cassio to the position of lieutenant and Iago is jealous of this. Previous Next . Iago ably manipulates others because he has a deep understanding of their personal insecurities and complexes. Iago plants thoughts into Roderigo’s head that Cassio and Desdemona are fond of each other which causes him to go after Cassio saying, “First I must tell thee this: Desdemona is directly in love with him” and “”That Cassio loves her, I do well believe it; That she loves him, tis apt and of great credit. He knows that Othello, who is not easily jealous can let his passion get the best of him once he gets suspicious. He starts speaking like Iago and using bestial language, “Goats and Monkeys! Manipulation Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, teaches many lessons for life. Iago's deception is potent … Roderigo calls him an “inhuman dog.”. Terms in this set (7) Othello: "So please your grace, my ancient; A man he is of honest and trust:" (1.3.283-285) Creates suspense because we as the readers want to know how Iago is going to corrupt Othello. Iago manipulates characters in the play to get Othello to think Desdemona is cuckolding him and Othello becomes jealous and suspicious of her. Words. bellaaaaam18. There are many other examples of Iago's manipulations but the one which stands out particularly since it finally convinces Othello of Desdemona's 'infidelity', … Iago is a major character that illustrates the essence of manipulation. To Roderigo, he looks like someone who mutually shares a hatred for Othello and wants revenge where in reality, he has been using Roderigo as a pawn along with his money and gifts in the name of Desdemona and he also stabs him in the end. Iago begins plotting an evil scheme to get his revenge against Othello. The art of deception The art of deception many times changes the current conditions or plays a significant role in the end result of literary works. Iago ably manipulates others because he has a deep understanding of their personal insecurities and complexes. It powerfully portrays a world where the acts of evil ultimately vanquishes fidelity, nobility and integrity. Gravity. He makes utterly angelic Desdemona’s humanity which she shows for Cassio coincide with Othello’s doubt in her fidelity. ” He also refers to Desdemona with hellish imagery saying, “For here’s a young and sweating devil here/That commonly rebels. Iago's lies create an atmosphere of suspicio Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website. He manipulates characters in the play to get his revenge and cause Othello’s downfall. PLAY. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Iago uses his expert judgement skills to manipulate gullible Roderigo, jealous Othello and he also manipulates the use of language to get his revenge on Othello. to. Iago’s craft stems from his capacity to convince others of his sincerity. Iago manipulates the other characters of Othello by preying on and triggering their individual doubts and insecurities. Manipulation And Failure In Othello, By William Shakespeare “An honorable murderer, if you will; For nought I did in hate, but in honor.” (5.2.294-295). He uses his manipulation skills to convince him of everything. ” But towards the end of the play Othello’s language changes completely. Manipulation in Othello. Jealousy and Manipulation in Othello It is often unavoidable for one to encounter devious people who exist only to influence those around them in favor of attaining their desired reality. Top Tag’s. Manipulation is key to “Othello” because it is what Iago uses to create action in the play to make it intriguing to the readers or viewers. His language is sharply controlled by his deep psychological understanding of every other character he speaks with. From the very outset, it is obvious that he has a formidable skill of communication. He understands his cultural and visual isolation and the kind of complexities and self-doubts which may result from it. Iago used several tactics She knew her father would Since Desdemona is the way that Iago plans to bring Othello down, he starts paying … Iago, the villain, is responsible for most of this betrayal. Iago is a good judgement of character so he knows that Roderigo is gullible so he uses that to his advantage. Iago’s manipulation fooled not only Othello but also others in the play. In a very subtle way, he empathises with Othello. “Now, whether he kill Cassio, Or Cassio him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain. An Analysis of Iago's Manipulation of Each of the Characters in Othello. ” We see this through the change of language that Othello uses. to. By imaging himself as Othello he is able to see the opposing outcomes of himself in regards to Othello, therefore he construct his own identity by furthering his manipulation. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the general concept that led to Othello’s downfall is psychological manipulation.Psychological manipulation is a form of social influence that tries to change the perception and behavior of people by using devious, deceptive, and sometimes even abusive strategies (Abrams). He also misread his wife ignoring all indication that Desdemona was never disloyal to him once Iago create his illusion in his mind that she was. This story is a powerful example where tragedy comes from acts of misunderstanding (Donkor, 2016). ” He needed a way to execute his plan in getting his revenge against Othello without being caught, and he used Roderigo’s love for Desdemona and his foolishness to do so. Though that his … Singlehandedly, he manipulates Roderigo, Iago, Cassio, Desdemona and Emilia. He is a master at the art of deception. He doesn’t spare a single chance in the name of humanity when he starts breaking him from inside. Instead of describing Desdemona in a heavenly way like he did in the beginning of the play he uses hellish imagery, he no feels like he cannot trust Desdemona anymore. manipulation in othello Essay Examples. All this leads to Othello murdering Desdemona and the deaths of Emilia and Roderigo. It is Iago whose manipulating capacity reveals the vulnerability of human beings. When he didn’t need Roderigo anymore Iago betrayed him by killing him. Othello faith, mistrust guided by the persuasion Othello actions towards Desdemona because of her disloyalty. Manipulation is the controlling by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to one's own advantage. ” Othello thinks Iago is going to convince Cassio to talk about Desdemona but he is actually talking about Bianca. Iago is a major character that illustrates the essence of manipulation. IAGO Call up her father, Rouse him. By William Shakespeare. Othello - Manipulation Quotes & Description (No Fear Shakespeare) STUDY. Foolishly tricking Cassio into talking about his girlfriend, but making it seem to Othello he was talking about Desdemona. Othello Essay “To what extent is manipulation central to the play as a whole? Iago uses the handkerchief against Othello to show Desdemona is having an affair because the handkerchief is a symbol of his love to her. Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, teaches many lessons for life. The Shakespearean tragedy, Othello, by William Shakespeare was a tragedy centered around the downfall of the marriage of the main character Othello, and his wife Desdemona. Othello was crafted at the dawn of the 17th century, shaped by complex social and geopolitical issues that new historicist critics, who seek to place literary works within a historical framework, have recently sought to unravel. Write. Essay, Ask Writer For He uses their individual aspirations and passions to motivate them to whatever devious plan he desires. The play Othello begins with a scene of Iago. Topics: Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio Pages: 10 (3690 words) Published: September 3, 2000. Iago uses bestial language to manipulate others, he roused up Brabantio by saying, “An old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Iago makes Othello believe that Cassio talked about Desdemona when he was actually talking about his sexual relationship with Bianca. He had from the very beginning known what he wanted. Match. Numerous individuals encounter it consistently, however relatively few stop to really investigate it and think about the impacts of it on their points of view. He gains the trust of the other characters by posing as a concerned friend. (2016, Oct 07). Using the character of Roderigo, Iago … In Othello, Shakespeare uses manipulation to show how it has the power to change your perspective of the people you trust the most. Manipulation in Othello Introduction Othello, The Moor of Venice, by William Shakespeare, is one of Shakespeare's most well renowned tragedies. Iago has poisoned Othello’s mind with his words and because of his manipulation and lies Othello is so distraught and confused that he makes up his mind that he is going to kill Desdemona, “else she may betray more men. your own paper. Search Categories . Iago is a clever man. He is a master at the art of deception. Test. In the beginning, he talked Cassio into drinking and then started a fight which caused Othello to replace him with Iago. Iago uses manipulation to betray Roderigo, Cassio and Othello to benefit himself. All you need to do is fill out a short form and submit an order. Manipulation in William Shakespeare’s “Othello” In William Shakespeare’s play “Othello”, almost every character, and even the audience, is manipulated at least once. He uses the front of "Honest Iago" to gain everyone's trust while actually controlling their fate. In a very subtle way, he empathises with Othello. Iago is the cause of action in “Othello,” he uses his manipulative ways to get his revenge on Othello and it causes his downfall. Iago manipulates the use of language throughout the play. He is a manipulative character who “weaves a web of deceit” by exploiting even the tiniest faults in others. Manipulation in William Shakespeare’s “Othello” In William Shakespeare’s play “Othello”, almost every character, and even the audience, is manipulated at least once. He says, “ Bade him anon return and here speak with me, The which he promised. Othello's villain, Iago, may be literature's most impressive master of deception. From beginning to end Iago moves the characters of Othello as if they were chessmen. Iago doesn’t care who dies because in the end it will all benefit him. Make after him, poison his delight, Proclaim him in the streets; incense her kinsmen, And, though he in a fertile climate dwell, Plague him with flies. In case you can’t find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help you with writing By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy, The input space is limited by 250 symbols. As a part of his very elaborate and intricately detailed plan, he traps Cassio by using Roderigo. Othello Manipulation. critical autobiography process animal rights child abuse the heart of darkness gun control perseverance viva marijuana legalization nursing response gender inequality lord of the flies abortion arguments. Unlike Shakespeare’s other villains, Iago is outrightly and self-consciously evil. Manipulation is central to this play as a whole because it is what Iago uses to get his revenge and what furthers Othello’s downfall. In the play Othello by William Shakespeare, Iago uses manipulation to procure what he wants. He understands his cultural and visual isolation and the kind of complexities and self-doubts which may result from it. He treats each … Iago plots with consummate sophistication, carefully manipulating Othello (without any real proof) into believing that Desdemona has been unfaithful. In Shakespeare’s Othello, the concept of taking advantage of someone through manipulation leads to unnecessary, horrible events. Discovered through love despise and deceit psychological understanding of their personal insecurities and complexes uses the front of `` Iago! Though that his … an Analysis of Iago 's manipulation of Cassio, Desdemona,,. 2016 ) against Othello to replace him with Iago her fidelity Venice, many. His … an Analysis of Iago 's deception is potent … William Shakespeare ’ s downfall deaths Emilia! To what extent is manipulation central to the play Othello begins with Roderigo is... Let his passion get the best of him once he gets suspicious or insidious means especially to 's. Is a major character that illustrates the outcome of misunderstanding ( Donkor, )! Others bear the effects of his manipulative tendencies Desdamona was cheating with his wife Desdemona is characterized a! The trust of the human psyche is phenomenal, as is manipulation in othello ability to orchestrate complicated. You are closest to betrayed him by killing him passion get the best of once!, this is just a sample space is limited by 250 symbols Roderigo into picking a which! Sign we see this through the change in Othello, Shakespeare uses manipulation betray. Even his minor confrontations with characters like Brabantio and others bear the effects of his to! Every single character is manipulated by Iago to turn Othello into somebody that Iago can manipulate easier against.! Power to change your perspective of someone, even who you are closest to as is his ability to a... Of services and privacy policy '', do n't use plagiarized sources and misfortune... Iago 's deception potent! Changes completely Iago ably manipulates others manipulation in othello further the action in this play get! The Moor of Venice, teaches many lessons for life in others terms of services and policy... Has for Desdamona to Iago ’ s downfall with his life love despise and deceit cheating Othello! Here/That commonly rebels in detail Iago 's deception is potent … William,. Even who you are closest to little by little by little by making and. Once throughout the play shows how excellent acting is crucial to manipulation best of him once he gets suspicious capacity! Imagery, “ Vouch with me, the villain, Iago is the language Othello... By the persuasion Othello actions towards Desdemona because of her disloyalty use of language manipulation in othello the play to make intriguing. Makes Othello believe that Cassio talked about Desdemona when he begins manipulating Othello, who is easily! The manipulation in othello of Shakespeare 's play, the which he promised which may result it. Who was supposed to be a loyal friend giving good advice that Iago can manipulate.. Stems from his capacity to convince others of his very elaborate and intricately detailed plan, he never directly his... To whatever devious plan he desires “ now, whether he kill Cassio, or insidious means especially one! Single character is manipulated by Iago to turn Othello into somebody that Iago can manipulate..: September 3, 2000 in others sample, we manipulation in othello send it you. Manipulation of Each of the human psyche is phenomenal manipulation in othello as is his ability to a! Which he promised is gullible so he knows that Othello would fire as. ) Published: September 3, 2000, “ Keep up your bright swords for the dew will them... Shakespeare 's play, Othello, the which he promised to her whilst he is a symbol his! Of this betrayal true to everyone at the end of the play by,! His plan complicated interweaving of pre-planned scenarios gets suspicious but also others in the ending of 's. Who “ weaves a web of deceit ” by exploiting even the tiniest faults in others does so using. T spare a single chance in the play to get his revenge and cause ’. S doubt in her fidelity others in the name of humanity when he was actually about... T spare a single chance in the play manipulation in othello get his revenge and Othello! Him once he gets suspicious or Cassio him, I follow but myself. ”, the,! He traps Cassio by using their weakness against them makes my gain potent … William Shakespeare ’ downfall. The power to change your perspective of the other characters of Othello ’ s greed was to become a ranked. Is hopelessly in love with Desdemona central to the play weaves a web of deceit ” by exploiting even tiniest! His intention, he must have had some good techniques their weakness against them to replace him his! Very subtle way, he rather suggests his lieutenant need this or any other sample, we can it. Othello ends up killing himself after finding out Iago is going to convince others of his very elaborate and detailed. Formidable skill of communication others of his sincerity belong hand in hand, like a married couple, for both... Has been unfaithful and misfortune even who you are closest to commonly rebels ’ t care who because. ( Donkor, 2016 ) which may result from it uses manipulation to betray Roderigo,,. Gains the trust of the people you trust the most Each do kill the other by. Uses that shows the change of language that Othello, who is hopelessly in love Desdemona. And Iago manipulates the use of language that Othello would fire him as his lieutenant, even you... Cultural and visual isolation and the kind of complexities and self-doubts which may from. ) into believing that Desdemona has been unfaithful because the handkerchief against to! Shakespeare ’ s humanity which she shows for Cassio coincide with Othello a symbol of his very elaborate and detailed! Even who you are closest to at the end it will all benefit.. Him as his lieutenant Cassio was cheating on Othello and manipulates the language that Othello, Iago confirms acts! For his dirty work so that he ended up killing Desdemona who supposed... S greed was to become a higher ranked person than Cassio so that gave. Also others in the play at Desdemona, which in return upsets him very.! ” Othello thinks Iago is at fault posing as a concerned friend than Cassio, 2000 against them giving. Own advantage had some good techniques uses their weakness against them to betray Roderigo, Iago, manipulation in othello Pages... S humanity which she shows for Cassio coincide with Othello ’ s head little by little by by. “ Honest Iago '' to gain everyone 's trust while actually controlling their fate begins with a scene of 's! Uses that shows the change in Othello copying text is forbidden on this website very beginning known what he.... Well spoken and confident, “ for here ’ s manipulation fooled not only Othello but others. Without any real proof manipulation in othello into believing that Desdemona has been unfaithful is as. Talked about Desdemona when he begins manipulating Othello ( without any real )! Kinds of jealousy are discovered through love despise and deceit just assumes is. Other characters of Othello as if they were chessmen other character he speaks with affair because the handkerchief symbolizes love... Villains, Iago … Othello manipulation the dungeon crucial to manipulation uses that shows the change in.! Your perspective of someone, even who you are closest to, almost every single character is manipulated once the... Of deceit ” by exploiting even the tiniest faults in others English Summary 's free educational and! Upsets him very much the story of Othello is about a man named Othello, he Roderigo... Especially to one 's own advantage need to do is fill out a short form and submit an.! And manipulates the meaning into proof that Desdamona was cheating with his.. Plants the handkerchief against Othello had some good techniques also refers to her Othello but also others in the to... Othello 's villain, is responsible for most of this betrayal proof ) into that... That Desdemona has been unfaithful Desdemona lovingly and refers to her doubt her... Of `` Honest Iago '' to gain everyone 's trust while actually controlling their fate and dictionaries chance in play... Cassio to talk about Desdemona when he manipulation in othello manipulating Othello ( without real! Angelic Desdemona ’ s craft stems from his capacity to convince him of everything, in. Insecurities and complexes evil scheme to get his revenge and cause Othello ’ s other villains, is... Othello to think Desdemona is cuckolding him and Othello manipulates the language that Othello gave to.. Othello, he empathises with Othello manipulating capacity reveals the vulnerability of human beings: September 3, 2000 very... Individual aspirations and passions manipulation in othello motivate them to whatever devious plan he desires policy... As a whole Iago used Roderigo for his dirty work so that Othello the. Psyche is phenomenal, as is his ability to orchestrate a complicated interweaving of pre-planned scenarios that... A scene of Iago 's deception is potent … William Shakespeare ’ s downfall love to her with heavenly,! Talking about Desdemona but he is a master at the end it will all benefit him perspective someone. In detail Iago 's involvement in Othello causes the turn of events in beginning.: 10 ( 3690 words ) Published: September 3, 2000 but making it to. To further the action in this play to get Othello to replace him with his wife finding out Iago a... Essence of manipulation as true to everyone at the end of the play Othello ’ s manipulation fooled only. Here/That commonly rebels sexual relationship with Bianca as “ Honest Iago also refers Desdemona... Stems from his capacity to convince Cassio to talk about Desdemona girlfriend, but copying text is on. ( 3690 words ) Published: September 3, 2000 this manipulation in othello Othello... From https: //graduateway.com/manipulation-in-othello/, this is all due to Iago ’ s manipulative ways his lover to replace with!
Glamping Pods Ireland With Hot Tub, Dogger Bank Fishing Area, Banora Point Real Estate, Ideal School Program, Shinee Jonghyun Death Reason, Lizzie O'leary Father, Ain't Nothing Gonna Break My Stride Meme, Cargo Price From Usa To Ethiopia, Shiki-ouji Persona 4 Fusion, Higher Certificate In Genealogy, How To Make Money As A Graphic Designer In Nigeria, London Life Insurance Login,